V-6 engine



March 24, 1953 J. DoLzA ET Al. 2,632,340

v-srx ENGINE Filed April 1949 5 sheets-sheet 1 hwentors )t 1,7% Gttornegs March 24, 1953 J, DOLZA ET Al.

V-SIX ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April '7. 1949 March 24, 1953 J. DoLzA ET AL V-SIX ENGINE Filed April 7. 1949 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Mar. 24, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE V6 ENGINE tion of Delaware Application April 7, 1949, Serial No. 86,048

(Cl. I4-603) 7 Claims. l

The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly relates to the crankpin arrangement and balancing means for a 60 V6 engine.

Modern automotive internal combustion engines are required to operate at high speed With a minimum of vibration. This requirement necessitates accurate and complete balancing of the inertia forces and couples set up by rotating and reciprocating masses within the engine,

V6 engines are rigid and compact and are therefore desirable as automotive power plants. The lack of a suitable crankshaft design and balancing means for these engines has delayed their adoption by the automotive industry. It is well-known that if the forces and couples of an engine are not balanced, excessive vibration will result. This vibration greatly increases the Wear on engine parts, and passenger discomfort and reduces the life of the engine. For these reasons it is necessary to reduce engine unbalance to a minimum.

Engines may be out of balance, with resulting vibration and excessive Wear, due to either unbalanced forces or unbalanced couples. The unbalance forces may be primary or those operating at engine speed or may be higher order forces which are classified as a secondary tertiary, etc. corresponding to the harmonic of engine speed at which they are eifective. The term unbalance couple as here applied, is the product of the force times the distance the force acts from a preselected datum line. These couples may be either so-called shaking couples which are manifest by forces acting in a single plane lying in the longitudinal axis of the engine or they may be rotating couples Which change their direction of application with respect to the line of center of the engine either at engine speed or at some harmonic thereof. The design of the present engine eliminates all shaking couples. The unbalance, due to rotating forces resulting in rotating couples of higher order than secondary, are negligible in the present engine. The primary unbalance forces and rotating couples are counterbalanced by the use of Weights located on the engine crankshaft and fly-wheel. The engine of this specific design also has a couple applied transverse to the axis of the engine and rotating at twice crankshaft speed r a secondary couple which should be counterbalanced.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to produce a six cylinder v-type engine having a very low magnitude over-all unbalance.

It is also an object of the present invention to produce a V6 engine with proper counterbalancing means to neutralize primary and secondary forces and couples.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an engine having high rigidity.

It is another object of the present invention to produce a V6 engine in which the engine cylinders re in sequence either from front tov back or from back to front as desired.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a crankshaft of high torsional rigidity.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a four-cycle V6 firing arrangement which promotes good intake manifold characteristics.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent upon inspection of the drawings and reading of the specification as will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring now to the gures in the drawings,

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the counterbalancing means which is part of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a partial sectional View taken along the center line of the present engine.

Figure 3 is a partial transverse sectional View taken along the line 3 3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a face view of the engine crankshaft and ily-Wheel looking from right to left in Fig. 2, and showing the counterbalancing means associated with those parts.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the crankshaft with its counterweights as used in the presentl invention.

Figure 6 is a partial sectional'view taken along the line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a partial sectional View taken along the line 1-1 of Figure 5.

Figure 8 is a partial sectional View taken along the line 8 8 of Figure 5.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the intake manifold arrangement. i

Referring now more particularly to Figure 1, the longitudinal location and radial spacing of -crankpins I, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is illustrated. This 3 crankshaft has ylocated thereon counterweights I4, I6, I8 and 28. Counterweight 22 is Iattached to the fly-wheel. The counterweight I is of such mass and so located as to substantially balance the inertia forces set up by crankpins I and 2 and the rotating masses attached thereto. Counterweight I8 similarly balances the Irotating masses associated with crank-pins 3 and 4. The same is true with regard to the counterweight and the masses at crankpins 5 and 6. As will be noted later in the specification, the crankp-ins I and 2are displaced 60 from each other and the counterweight IE is angularly located 150 from each of said crankpins. The crankpins 3 and 4 are displaced 120 respectively from the crankpins I and 2 and lare each 150 yfrom the counterweight I8. The crankpins 5 and 6 are ylocated 120 respectively from the crankpins 3 and 4 and are each 150 from counterweight 20. It may thus be seen that the crankpins'I, 3 and 5 are ydisplaced 120 from each other as are the crankpins 2, 4 and `6 and also the counterweights.

I6, I8 and 20. This method vof balancing helps neutralize the unbalance 'forces to reducemain.

bearing load but leavesjan unbalanced primary couple which Ymust be vremoved by the counterweights I4 and 2,2. With thev proper placing of these counterweights the engine is in primary balance but has a slight amount of secondary unbalance Vwhich manifests itself in a rotating couple. This couple rotates in a direction opposite to'and at twice the angular velocity of the crankshaft. In order to -counterbalance this secondaryl -rotating couple, it has been found ydesirable to use a balance shaft 8 with weight-s I0 and I2 attached thereto -to produce a counterbalancing couple rotating at twice crankshaft speed and phasedl 180 from the unbalance couple mentioned above.

Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, the crankshaft, balance -shaft and other parts of the lengine 'are shown in `greater detail. The crankshaft 24 here shown has 'four main bearings 26, 28, 30 and 32 respectively and has crankpin bearings I, 2, 3, 4, 5 .and 6. These crankpin'bearings are arranged in 60 dis-placed pairs each pair having an oppositely 'disposed cOunterWeight; C-rankpins Iand 2 are located between main bearings 25 andv 28 and'have a counterweight 18,

whose center of mass is located 150 fromeach ofcrankpins I and 2. Crankpin bearings 'fand 4 are located-betweenr main bearings 28vand 30 land have a counterweight I8 longitudinally disposed between sai-d crankpins and radiallydisposed 150 from each of said crankpins. Crankpin lbearings 5 and 6 are located between main bearings and 32 and have counterweight 20 longitudinally Idisposed 150 from each of said crankpins. These count'erweights IB, I8 and Y2i! are so selected as will 'be later described to minimize main bearing loads and ,crankshaft flexure. It will be noted by inspection v'of Figures 1, 2 and 3 that crankpin bearings 3 and 4 are located 120 respectively from crankpins I and 2 and that crankpin 5 is -located 120 from both crankpins I :and 3 and that crankpin `I3 is located 120'from both crankpins 2 and 4. It will vthus be'seen that this crankshaft consistso'f three pairs of 60 displaced crankpins each pair displaced 120 from the other two pairs. This crankpin'and -counterweight location gives an arrangement in which the forces, both primary and'secondary, are in- Iherently in balance. The same is 'not true however'with regard to 'primary'and secondary rokgears 40 and 42.

e. tating couples. This crankshaft Ihas a primary rotating couple which is neutralized by a couple created by the displaced weights I4 and 22 yas will be described later. The counterweight 22 of course may be located on the crankshaft 24 instead of on the fly-wheel 34 as here illustrated. The icounterweight I4 likewise may be incorporated in the drive pulley 56 or the torsional vibration damper 58 without departing from the scope of the present invention. By the proper selection and placement of these weights, as will be described later, the engine is placed in primary balance with regard to -both pri-mary forces and primary couples. This engine also has a secondary unbalance couple which .is neutralized by a 180 displaced rotating couple of equal magnitude and frequency set up by vblai- --ance shaft 8 with its attached unbal-ance weights I0 and I2 which weights are displaced 180 yfrom each other. This engine has a cam shaft 36 located in the V of the engine and driven at one-half crankshaft speed by fdrive chain 33 and The shaft 35 has rigidly Iattached thereto a second gear 412 which vgear is mashed with the gear 46 rigidly attached to the balance shaft 8. The pitch diameter of the gear 44 is four times the pitch diameter of the gear 43 thus causing the shaft 8 to rot-ateat four times the speed of cam shaft 36 ortwice the speed of crankshaft 24. By the proper proportioning of the weights IE) and l2 and placing them in the proper phase relationship with the crankshaft, the inherent secondary imbalance couple of this engine Imay be neutralized by rotating this balance shaft in a direction opposite that of the `crankshaft and at twice crankshaft speed. This method of balancing the secondary unbalance couple will be described llaterin more detail.

Referring now to Figure 4, the fly-wheel 34 is shown in greater detail and the angular location of the counterweight 22 is specifically illustrated. The center of mass of this counterweight 22 has the same angular displacement as the centerline of crankpin I. The center of mass of the weight I4 is located in the same plane as the center of mass of weight22 but 180 displaced therefrom, and from the center line of crankpin I.

Referringnow to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, the crankshaft used in the present engine isv shown in greater detail. As described above the-crankpins I and 2 are located between main bearings 26 and28 and have a counterweightll longitudinally located therebetween. The crankpins 3 and 4 are located between bearings 28 and 30 and have a counterweight I8 longitudinally located between them. The crankpins 5 and 6 are located betweenV the main bearings-30 and'32 and have a counterweight 20 located between them.

v It will be noted that the crankpins located lon opposite sides of the intermediate main bearings are indexed 180 degrees from each other. This locationresults in the rotaryV inertia forces set up by the lcrankpins imposing a minimum resultant load on these intermediate main bearings. Each pair-of crankpin bearings between each pair rof main bearings is indexed but 60v degrees from each other thus permitting the use of a single counterweight of minimum mass yto counteract the inertia forces set up by the cranl pin masses.

Referring now'to Figure 9 the cylinders of the engine are Vnumbered 6h62, 63, B4, '65 and 66l reading from the, front tov the rear of the, engine.

The cylinders 6I, B3 and 65, in accordance with the firing arrangement previously described, have intake strokesv 240 degrees displaced from each other, as have cylinders 62, 64 and 66. We propose to utilize a dual type carburetor having twin fuel passages 69 and 10. By so arranging the firing arrangement and manifolding, a volumetric efciency is obtained much superior to that possible with six cylinder engine firing arrangements in the prior art.

Method of balancing As is well-known in the crankshaft balancing art, an internal combustion engine piston connecting rod crankpin assembly sets up rotating and reciprocating forces which must be counteracted to provide smooth operation. This rotating force is set up by the combined masses of the crankpin, crankpin cheeks, and the lower end of the connecting rod assembly. To determine the magnitude of the rotating and reciprocating masses of the connecting rod, it has been found convenient to suspend the connecting rod at its crankpin and at its wrist pin and consider the mass at the crankpin as a rotating mass and the mass at the wrist pin as a reciprocating mass. The rotating forces set up by the connecting rod pin and lower end of the connecting rod assembly may be easily calculated and ccunterweighted.

The forces set up in the plane of each bank of cylinders by the reciprocating masses have an algebraic sum of zero. The sum of the primary couples set up by these forces however is not zero but forms a rocking couple in the plane of that bank.

We have found however that if the following relationship between each pair of crankpins and the engine block V angle is adhered to, the primary rocking couples in the two banks will combine vectorially to form a rotating couple of constant magnitude:

crankpin angle 2 In a 60 degree V-6 engine with a crankpin arrangement as here illustrated, the unbalanced primary couples in lthe two cylinder banks add up to a rotating couple of constant magnitude. This rotating couple is in phase with the rotating couple created by the rotating primary unbalance forces of the crankshaft and may be counterweighted together with this last mentioned unbalanced couple by a single pair of counterweights I4 and 22.

There are couples whose frequencies are harmonics of the primary crankshaft frequency. These are caused by the motion of the piston not being a simple harmonic motion. The couples at harmonics higher than the second are of such small magnitude as to be negligible.

We have found that by using the block angle, crank angle relationship noted above, that if we choose a block angle satisfying the following equation, the secondary rocking couples in the two banks of cylinders combine to form rotating couples of constant magnitude.

:90 degrees- V angle cosine block angle times cosine block angle 2 sine block angle times sine 6 tralized in the present invention by balance shaft 8.

In order to determine the mass of the intermediate counterweights I6, I8 and 20 to give minimum main bearing loading, we attach a ring weight Wr to each crankpin whose magnitude is given by the equation:

Ki' WIRE VVT-WH' 2 s (L)2 Where Wc=rotating weight per crankpin (lower end of connecting rod) Wi=reciprocating weight per cylinder (upper end of connecting rod and piston assembly) R=crank radius L=connecting rod length A polar diagram is then made by vectorially adding the components of the gas, inertia and centrifugal forces of two cylinders in one pair with the resulting force assumedv acting at the center line of the cheek or counterweight. Proper counterweights I6, I8 and 2i) are then selected (these counterweights are of equal magnitude) to give a minimum peak load in the polar diagram.v After thus selecting these intermediate counterweights, the end counterweights I and 22 may be determined by calculating the static moments of the crankshaft for these ring weights and the unbalance ofthe crankpinS, cheeks and counterweights I6, I8 and 2t. The solution of these counterweights is simplied by considering componente separately in a horizontal and in a vertical plane.

The equation for the secondary couple in the present engine is: l

Vertical component Horizontal component sin. (20 -I- 90 degrees) CH: 1.5d

Where:

d=main, bearing spacing w=angular velocity of crankshaft g=acceleration of gravity Y 0=crank angle of number I crankpin vertical position cos.(20-I 90 degrees) from fr-in t Where 'Wr-:static unbalance moment of one second-1 ary counterweight lbs. ins. aroundthe balanceshaft axis D=longitudinal spacing of secondary counterweights on the dynamic balance shaft The phase and direction of rotation of 4this dynamic balance shaft is shown in Figure 1.1 Itis tobe understood alsothatalthoughthe invention.. has, been described with; Specific ref:

amas-4o erenc'e to aj particular embodmentthejreof, it is not to be so limited, since changes andalterations. therein may be made which are within the full intendedscope of this invention as deiined by theappended claims.

We claim:

1. InV a six-cylinder V-type four-cycle internal combustion engine having to banks of three cylinders each with an angle of 60 between the banks, a crankshaft having six connecting rod bearings equiangularly displaced in pairs" of crankpins spaced from each other 60 and from the adjacent pair 120', a journal provided in front of the first pair of crankpins, a secondy journal provided between said rst and second pairs of crankpins, a third journal provided between said second and third pairs of crankpins and a fourth journal provided after the third pair f crankpins, the crankpins. disposed adjacent the opposite ends of said second and third journals being disposed 180 from each other, three counterweights each located diametrically opposite of each of the said pairs of crankpins and of suicient magnitude to minimize the exure of Vsaid crankshaft, a pair of counterweights attached to said crankshaft and so anguiarly displaced and 0f such magnitude as to produce a couple of sumcient magnitude to counterbalance the otherwise unbalanced rotating couple produced on said crankshaft by masses attached thereto, and a second shaft positively driven by said crankshaft 'at twice crankshaft speed, said second shaft having attached thereto two 180 displaced unbaiance Weights of such magnitude and longitudinal displacement as to produce a couple rotating at twice crankshaft speedand of such magnitude as to counterbalance the rotating couple otherwise present in said engine.

2. In a six-cylinder V-type four-'cycle internal combustion engine having two 60 displaced banks of three cylinders each, a crankshaft having six crankpin bearings equiangularly displaced in pairs of crankpins spaced from each other 60 and from the adjacent pair 1209a journal provided in front of the iirst pair of crankpins, a second journal provided between said first and second pairs of crankpins, a third journal provided between said second and third pairs ofcrankpins and a fourth journal provided after the third pall' of crankpins, the crankpins disposed adjacent the opposite ends of said second and third journals being disposed'lBO" from each other, three counterweights each located diametrically opposite tc each of the said pairs of crankpins and of suiicient magnitude to minimize the iiexure of said crankshafhanda pair of counterweights attached to said crankshaft and so angularly displaced and,Y

of such magnitude as to produce a couple ofvsufrcient magnitude to counterbalance the otherwise unbalanced rotating couple produced on said crankshaft by masses attached thereto. .Y

3. In an engineof the class described, a crank shaft comprising six crankpinsI spaced from each other and arranged in three pairs, each.Y crankpin of each of said Vpairsbeing spaced 120 from: one of the crankpins of eachV of the other "pairs, a journal disposed between the iirst and second pairsof crankpins, a second journal disposed between Vthe second and third pairs of crankpins,Y and the crankpins adjacent the opposite ends of each of said journals being disposed substantially V180" from each other. Y

4. In an engine of the classdescribed'a crank shaft comprising six crankpins spaced 60"from each otherand-arranged in threeA pairs, -each counterbalancing the forces created by said Y crankpins during operation ofv the crankshaft.v

5. In an engine of the class described, a crank shaft comprising six crankpins spaced 60 from each other and arranged in three pairs, each crankpin of each of said pairs being spaced from one of the crankpins of each of the other pairs, a journal provided in front of the first pair of crankpins, a second journal provided between said first and second pairsv of crankpins, a third journal provided between` said second and third pairs of crankpins and a fourth journal provided after the third pair of crankpins, the crankpinsr disposed adjacent the opposite ends of said sec,- ond and third journals being disposed 180 from each other, and three counterweights, one of said counterweights being, provided opposite each of said pairs of crankpins and the center of mass thereof being disposed at substantially from each of the crankpins, of .the associated'pair.,

6. In an engine ofthe class described, a crank shaft comprising six crankpins spaced 60 from each other and arranged'in three pairs, each crankpin of each of said pairs being spaced 120 from one of the crankpins of'each of the other pairs,a journal provided infront of the first pair of crankpins a second journal providedbetween said first andY second pairs of crankpins, a third journal provided between said secondv and third pairs of crankpins and a fourth journal provided after the third pair of crankpins,` the crankpins disposed adjacent the opposite ends of said second and third journals being disposed from each other, Weight means associated witheach of said pairs of crankpinsfor counterbalancing the forces created by said crank-pins during operation oi' the crankshaft, and a counterweightA provided near each end of said crankshaft for counterbalancing an unbalanced rotating couple produced on said crankshaft, said last mentioned counterweights being disposed substantially 180 apart;

7. In an engine of the class described, a crank shaitcoznprising six crankpins spaced 60 from eachV other and arranged in three pairs, each crankpin of each of said pairs being spaced 120a from one to the crankpins of each of the other pairs, a'jouinal provided in front of the iirst pair of crankpins, a second journal provided between said iirst and second pairs of crankpins,

Vsha-ft for counterbalancing an unbalanced rotatling couple producedl onisaid crankshaftjLsaid last' mentioned counterweig'hts' being' disposed'sub-V stantially 180 apart, a second shaft positively driven by said crankshaft at twice the speed of the latter, and two 180 displaced unbalanced weights attached to said second shaft for further counterbalancing a rotating couple otherwise 5 present in said engine.

JOHN DOLZA.

GILBERT BURRELL. EVERETT B. SHERRICK. 1() ROBERT SCI-IILLING.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 15 file of this patent:

Number Number 10 UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Fekete Apr. 24, 1917 Landgraf Jan. 4, 1921 Ellis May 11, 1915 Weinhardt May 6, 1919 Walker July 13, 1926 Barkeij May 30, 1933 Sarazin Apr. 11, 1939 Iseler Dec. 12, 1939 Hasbrouck et a1. Sept. 2, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Nov. 10, 1906 Great Britain Sept. 29, 1932 

